Device for testing the tolerances of workpieces



Dec. 29, 1953 H. HAIDEGGER 2,663,943 DEVICE FOR TESTING THE TOLERANCES OF WORKPIECES Filed May 1, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 /NVE/VTOR HANS /-//4/DE6GER 8 WVM ATTORNEY Dec. 29, 1953 H. HAIDEGGER 2,663,943

DEVICE FOR TESTING THE TOLERANCES OF WORKPIECES Filed May 1, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 llgll II Hhl! II 'II [I ll ll kl II II l l! ll ll llni! ll H - m/mvro/e HA MS I'M/D5669? ATTORNEY Patented Dec. 29, 1953 DEVICE FOR TESTING THE TOLERANCES OF WORKPIECES Hans Heidegger, Soleme, Switzerland, assignor to Ebauches S. A. Grenchen, Canton of Soleure, Switzerland, a corporation Application May 1, 1950, Serial No. 159,193

Claims priority, application Switzerland May 4, 1949 8 Claims. (01. 33-166) 1. .his invention relates to devices for testing the tolerances of work pieces.

Up till now, inside dimensions, stance, bore holes have been measured means of internal measurement instr ents outside dimensions, such as the diameters of she pivots, etc. by means of external measurement instrunients, such as rnicr-oniet s for instance. Today, high y developed internal efc measurement instruments are available. ever, they all have the disad" age that for: checking the tolerances of the canons-ions .uieasured by means of them require special equipment. In the case of inside dimensions for instance, plug gauges are used for checking the tolerance. If an internal measurement instrument is for made for a measuring range or 66 to millimeters, and if three tolerance qualities are used for each millimeter oi the dim nsion, plug gauges are necessary for one single measurement instrument. This number grows with an increasing measuring range. in the case of external. measurement instruments, such as micro ieters for instance, gap gauges are necessary fo: hecking the tolerance. Here too, gap gauges are necessary for one single micrometer for a uring range of from 69 to 80 millimeters and. -.t three tolerance qualities per millimeter me suring range. Therefore, such an equipment with the numerous correspendin tolerance testers is very expensive.

The tester according to the invention is characterised in that it comprises two parts provided with marks, the one part being displaccable with regard to the other, and further characterized that the marks of the one part are arranged in such a way with regard to the is of the other part that, after a displacement of the movable part by the work piece to he tested, the marks indicate the admission or non-admission of the allowance of the work piece by their mutual position.

This tester may for instance be combined with an internal measurement instrument for de= such as, for intermining the dimension itself. In this case,

one part, besides'the marks for checking the tolerance, comprises a n'onius cooperating, for the determination of the work piece dimension, with a scale or" the other part, this scale consisting of marks, at least some of which cooperate with the marks of the other part, so that simultaneously with the reading or the dimension the allowance of the latter may be checked. If such an instrument has a measuring range of from 5i: to 83 millimeters, the marks on both parts of the testing device may be provided in such a 5 way, that 63 5:1 different tolerances may checked with the help of one and the same instrument. this way, 63 plug gauges may be saved.

The tester according to the invention may, however, also be combined with a micrometer for determining outs e dimensions. in this case, the one of the two may or instance comprise o e mark for each measuring range, while the other part comprise-s for each assuring range two marks limiting the allowed clearance space for the measuring range, the marl: of the first part, on an admissible allowance of the work piece lying in the allowed clearance space. If, on the first part, several lying side by side are provided, and each of these marks belongs to another measuring range, while the other part comprises several clearance spaces lying side by side and each limited by two marks, so that each of these clearance spaces corresponds to one of the above-mentioned measuring then, at one single row of such clearance spaces lying side by side, a certain iit of a class 0: fits can be checked through several partial measuring ranges by means of one and the same mi rometer. If, furthermore, several rows of clearance spaces ly-- ing below one another are provided on the one part of the tester, while the division marks of the other part go through all he rows of clearance spaces, as many fits of a certain class of fits within several partial measuring ranges can be checked as to their tolerance, as the tester comprises rows of clearance spaces lying below one another. By such a combination of the tester according to the invention with a micrometer the hitherto necessary gap gauges for checking the tolerances can be saved. According to the number of rows of clearance spaces lying below one another, far more than hundred gap gauges may in certain cases be omitted for each croinetcr.

Moreover, while hitherto one and the gap gauge could only be used for one single tolerance of a certain kind of fit, a gap gauge made according to the invention may be tor checking the tolerances of several fits. In this way, in a factory a considerable reduction the number of gap gauges is obtained.

The accompanying drawings illustrate, by way of examples, some embodiments of the invention.

Fig. l is an outside view of inside measuring instrument combined with a tester according to the invention.

Fig. 2 is a section on a larger scale, through the head of the inside measuring instrument and through the axis of the ieeler member of the latter.

Fig. 3 illustrates, on a larger scale, the tolerance tester built into the said inside measuring instrument.

i is outside View of a micrometer comprising a tester according to the invention.

shows the tolerance tester combined with the r 'crometer on a larger scale than Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is an outside view of a gap gauge equipped. with a tester accordin to the invention.

Figs. 1 2 represent an inside easuring instrument, such as is for instance shown in the copending patent application Ser. No. 785,882. Figs. 5 and 6 of the above-mentioned application relate to such an instrument without tolerance tester. This inside measuring instrument has a head i with a spherical surface 2 and a hollow handle 3. The head i has a radial bore hole 4 in which the pin haped i'eeler member 5 is slidabls, arr nged. This feeler member 5 is pierced as at t and carries a transparent rule 8 in reach of the opening l of +he head i crossing the axial direction of the ieeler member '5 and going through the bore hole 5. The rule 3 partially shown in Fig. 3 and its scale 9 corresponds to the measuring range of the measuring instrument. A transparent disk ii with a ncnius i2 is fixed in a sleeve-shaped setting iii mounted in the head At the side of the feeler member 5 opposite to the nonius 52 a magnifying means in the shape of a lens iii is provided in the opening 5 or" the head i. The ieeler member 5, in its final position taken on tapping the bore hole to be tested, is locked by an automatic wedge brake, of which only the wedge pin i i is shown. This brake, which is not essential for the comprehension of the invention, is not shown and described in more detail. It may only be mentioned that the knob is in Fig. 1 belongs to a lever not shown, serving the purpose of releasing the wedge brake for returning the feeler member 4 into its outermost position under the constraint of the spring it. Besides the scale 9 consisting of a row of division marks serving for the determination of the dimension to be measured of the work piece and provided on the part 8 fixed to the feeling member 5 and displaceable with regard to the part ii, the following device is provided for determining the admission or non-admission of the tolerance at the same time with the reading of the dimension to be measured:

The disk-shaped part ii comprises division marks lea, ll, i8 and it on the side of the scale 9 opposite to the nonius 92. The division mark its lies in the same straight line as the zero mark t of the nonius E2. The division marks of the scale ii of the movable part ii, indicating entire millimeters are prolonged to such an extent that they form together with the division marks its-i E an uninterrupted line when they are in alignment with these latter marks. This position is shown in Fig. 3 for the division mark indicating 37 millimeters and for the division mark 55a of the part ii, which, as mentioned above, lies in the same straight line as the zero mark 2% of the nonius S2. The division marks l5tZ-i in cooperation with the prolonged division marks 25 of the scale s serve the purpose of indicating whether the tolerance of the dimension measured by means of the scale s and the nonius i2 is within or beyond the not-go limit.

Fig. 3 shows an example of the ISA-classification of fits (International Federation of the Na tional Standardizing Associations).

The designation H belongs to the division mark its, the designation 6 to the division mark H, the designation '7 to the division mark i8 and the designation 8 to the division iii. The numbers 16, 25, 39 left to the division marks El, l3, it give the tolerances oi"; 15/1800, 25/1000 and 89/1000 millimeters allowable with the kinds of fits Ht, El, E5.

On measuring a bore hole, the illustrated tester works in combiantion with the device 9, i2 as follows: If the bore hole of a work piece with the fit ISA-E53 is to be measured, measuring head i is inserted into the bore hole while holding the of handle 3 inclined with regard to the axis or" the bore hole to be ested. Thereafter, the measuring instrument swung until the axis of the ieeler member 5 comes into a cross section plane of the work piece. On this swinging movement, the feelei matically pushed inwards and, under the locking action the brake it remains in e innermost position into which it has been 0.1 a blow, the instrument is taken out of the hole to be tested and the inagrlying lens is l in front of the eye v instrument in the dire ticn of transparent cover 22, now dimension desired of the bore hole can be read by means of the scales 8 and i2. In the ex ple shown 3, the bore hole has a diameter of 37.90 i eters. Now, while looking through the measuring head i for r ading the dimension, it may at the time be checked whether the dimension is within the required allowance of the ISA-fit or not. In Fig. 3, the division mark 56a lies in the same straight line as th division mark 2i belonging to the millimeter umber 37. The division mark I? lies sli htly left to the division mark 2 i, which belongs to the millimeter number 38. This means that the allowance of the bore hole lies within the admissible limits. Should the division mark ifia lie left to the division mark for I the millimeter number 37, the bore hole would be too small, and should the division i'i lie right to the division mark for the mil .eter number 38, the bore hole would be too large, in both such cases, the work piece would be waste, that is, would lie beyond not-go limit. 011 gauging the distance the division mark its from the mark ii is therefore to be chosen in such a way that the above-described positions with regard to the division marks the scale s for entire millimeters occur either in the ease of admissible or inadmissible allowances.

From the above it follows that, together with the reading of the dimension, also the allowance may be checked and that without any special checking manipulation with the help of a plug gauge. Similar occurs for the division marks liia and i8 of the ISA-kind of fit Al, and for the division marks lEa and E9 of the ISA-kind of fit A8. Here too, as soon as the division mark lea lies left to division mark 2 i, or the division marks i8 and it, ri ht to division marks 2!, the allowance is beyond the not-g0 limit. The number of division marks ll. iii, iii mav be multi lied, so that the instrument could also be used for other kinds of fits. However, in certain cases the division marks Eta, I? may be sufiicient. Furthermore, further rows of fit division marks might be provided below the row oi the division marks 45a, i1, i8, iii. In this case, the division marks 2! must be extended so far towards the bottom that they reach into the range of these further rows of fit division marks. The measuring instrument may thus be made for a smaller or greater number of fits. Moreover, the application of the invention is not limited to the ISA- 5 classification of fits, but may also be used for the ASA-classification (American Standards Association) the DIN-classification (Association oi. German Engineers) or for the classification of fits of any special factory such as it is for instance used in motor car construction.

Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate the tolerance tester accordin to the invention in combination with a micrometer fo outside dimensions. This instrument ccmprisesa stirrup or yoke 23, as it is for instance used in ga gauges. The right end of this stirrup 23 carries a micrometer of wellknown construction with a displaceable feeler pin 255, a scale and a nonius-drum while other end carries a feeler member 5 corresponding to that shown in Fig. 2; The feeler member his pierced, lies under the constraint of a nonillustrated spring corresponding to spring US of Fig. 2 and is likewise held in position by a wedge brake l4. However, in this example, the wedge brake is not to be'released by a knob l5 as in the preceding embodiment, but simply by pressing onto its end accessible from the outside. Here too, a through-hole 1 is provided, in reach of which thepart 3 of Fig. 5 forming a graticule is fixed to the feeler member 5 and cooperates with the immovabl part Ii likewise forming a graticule. Since in this example it is the question of a micrometer, it is no longer the dimension of the work piece which is to be read simultaneously with the checking of the tolerance, but here, only the tolerance is checked by looking through the opening 1. Therefore, also the arrangement of the division marks of the parts 8 and H is different from that shown in Figs. 1 to 3.

The upper portion of the immovable part H carries the designation -3-6-10-1825. This designation includes five partial measuring ranges on the whole, namely one from 0-3 millimeters, another from 3-6 millimeters, one from 6-10 millimeters, from 10-18 millimeters and another one from 18-25 millimeters. The tester illustrated in Fig. is gaugedfor the classification ISA-6 with the fits gh-y-kmn. To each of these fits belongs a horizontal row of clearance spaces on the part H, and to each partial measuring range belongs a single clearance space hi this row. Each of the clearance spaces is limited by two short division marks 21 lying at a smaller distance from each other. Each of these clearance spaces lies about in the middle of the distances taken by the number intervals -3, 6-10, -18 and 18-25 below the same. The distance of adjacent clearance spaces from each other is larger than the length of the single clearance spaces. On the whole. six rows of clearance spaces are arranged below one another, in accordance with the different fits g, h, 7', k, m, n. In accordance with the difierent tolerances prescribed for the different fits, the clearance spaces lying below one another for one and the same partial measuring range are slightly displaced with regard to one another towards the left, seen from the to to the bottom in Fig. 5. The movable part 8 carried by the feeler member 5 has for ear-h art al me ng an e a. v r i l division mark 28, extending all over the rows of clearance spaces of all fits. These division marks 28 are arranged in such a way with regard to the corresponding clearance spaces of the different fits that in the case of an admissible tolerance of the different fits in the various partial measuring ranges, they lie within the corresponding clearance spaces. If they lie outside, the tolerance is beyond the not-go limit.

The instrument shown in Figs. handled as follows:

Before checking the allowance, the scale 25 and the nonius of the drum 26 are adjusted to the nominal size of the work piece by rotating the drum 26. Afterwards, the work piece is inserted between the fceler member 5 and the ieeler member 24, whereby the feeler member 5 is more or less displaced in axial direction against the effect of the pin brake M in accordance with the size of the allowance of the work piece. Afterwards, the workpiece is removed, while the feeler memher 5 is automatically locked in its new position by the pin l4. Now, the worker looks through the opening .1 to determine whether the division mark 28 of the-part 8, belonging to the measuring t e piece. lies within space of the fit required. Should this division mark 23 lie outside of this clearance space, the work piece is waste.

Here too, the number of rows of clearance spaces lying below one another might be augmented for further fits. This may also be done with the number of partial measuring ranges. Here too, another than the ISA-classification of fits may be used. Both, in the first and in the second example, a division mark arrangement of such a kind might be chosen that d rerent classifications of fits oer-" r. so. for his Ifiand the ASA-classifications.

Fig. 6 illustrates a gap gauge in which a tolerance tester according to the invention is provided. The left portion of the stirrup or yoke 23 is identical with the corresponding device shown in Figs. 4 and 5, while the micrometer of Fig. 4 is lacking. Therefore, and at a certain nominal size of the work piece this gap gauge allows of checking the work piece allowance at i ferent fits, so for instance at six diff nt 6g, h, k, m, n. For one nominal size fits only one gap gauge is thus necessary stead of six, as before.

While I' have shown and described 50.1.3 formance of my invention. I

4 and 5 may be perdo wish to ii the scope of my Letters Patent to these embodiments, but reserve the right of making such modifications as fall within the purview of the appending claims.

What I. claim is:v

1. A gage comprising a body having a stationary feeler surface, a movable member carried by the body and providing a movable ieelcr surface, a pair of graticules positioned one above the other, one of the graticules fixedly mounted by th body, the other graticule carried by the movable member for movement therewith, one of the graticules including at least two of predetermined spacing defining the limits of a tolerance range, and the other graticule includat least one mark acting as an. indicator. the relative position of the indicator mark and tolerance range marks depending upon the relative position of the movable feeler with respect to the stationary feeler. whereby an indication is given as to whether the dimension is within the tolerance range.

2. A gage according to claim 1 in which one of the two graticules comprises at least two rows of marks for tolerance checking, one of these rows lying beyond the other row.

3. A gage according to claim 1 in which one of the two graticules includes one mark for each measuring range, the other graticule including two marks for each measuring range and limiting the admissible clearing space for the measur- 5 ing range, the mark or" the first graticule lying in the admissible clearance space for work within the tolerance range.

4. A gage according to claim 1 in which the first graticule includes several marks lying side by side and denoting separate measuring ranges,

the other graticule including several clearance spaces lying side by side and designated by two marks, each of the clearance spaces corresponding to one of the said measuring ranges.

5. A gage according to claim 1 in which the first graticule includes several marks lying one behind another, the second graticule including several rows of clearance spaces lying one below another, each row corresponding to a certain fit in the different measuring ranges, each of the graticule extending through all the rows of clearance spaces.

6. A gage comprising a body having a stationary ieeler surface, a movable member carried by n the body and providing a movable feeler surface, a pair of optically magnifiable graticules positioned one above the other, one of the graticules fixedly mounted by the body, the other graticule carried by the movable member for movement therewith, one of the graticules including a scale, the other graticuie including a nonius cooperating with the scale on the first graticule, one of the graticules including at least two marks of predetermined spacing defining the limits of a tolerance range, and the other graticule including at least one mark acting as an indicator, the relative position of the nonius with respect to the scale indicating a dimension and the relative position of the indicator mark with respect to the two marks indicative as to whether the dimension measured is within the predetermined tolerance range.

7. A gage comprising a body having a stationary ieeler surface, a movable member carried by the body and providing a movable feeler surface, a pair of optically magnifiable graticules positioned one above the other, one of the graticules fixedly mounted by the body, the other graticule carried by the movable member for movement therewith, one of the graticules including a the other graticule including a nonius cooperating with the scale on the first graticule, the graticule including the nonius also ary feeler surface, a movable menisci the body and providing a movable feeler surface, a pair of optically magnifiable graticules positioned one above the other, one of the graticules fixedly mounted by the body, the other graticule carried by the movable member for movement therewith, one of the graticules including a scale, the other graticule including a nonius cooperating with the scale on the first graticule, the graticule including a nonius also including at least two marks of predetermined spacing defining the limits of a tolerance range and positioned so as to appear as on the opposite side of the scale from the nonius, and the other graticule including at i least one mark acting as an indicator, the relative position or the nonius with respect to the scale indicating a dimension and the relative position of the indicator mark with respect to the two marks indicative as to whether the dimension measured is within the predetermined tolerance range.

HANS HAIDEGGER.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,336,393 Combes Dec. 7, 1943 2,356,037 Drucker Aug. 15, 1944 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 68,847 Switzerland July i1, 191% 143,050 Great Britain Nov. 25, 1919 157,628 Great Britain Apr. 22, 1929 619,090 Germany Sept. 21, 1935 OTHER. REFERENCES Publ.: Popular Mechanics, Jan. 1943, page 153. 

